What is a Stitch?
A stitch is the loop or interloop of thread used to join fabric or other materials together.
It forms the basic unit of sewing, embroidery, or knitting.
Types of Stitches (by structure):
Lock Stitch-
Formed by two threads (needle & bobbin).
Common in home and industrial sewing.
Chain Stitch-
Made using one thread, forming a chain-like pattern.
Stretchable, often used in knitwear.
Overlock Stitch (Serging)-
Encloses fabric edge with thread loops.
Prevents fraying, used for seam finishing.
Cover Stitch-
Twin-needle stitch with looper thread.
Found in hems of stretch garments.
Flatlock Stitch-
Joins two pieces of fabric edge-to-edge.
Flat, decorative, and used in sportswear.
Blind Stitch-
Nearly invisible on the garment’s right side.
Used in hemming trousers, skirts, etc.
Buttonhole Stitch-
Used to reinforce holes for buttons.
Often done with automatic machine settings.
End Use of Stitches:
Apparel: Seaming, hemming, attaching trims, zippers.
Home Textiles: Bed linens, curtains, upholstery.
Industrial: Bags, tents, car seats.
Footwear & Accessories: Reinforced stitching for durability.
Decorative Use: Embroidery and fashion accents.
Why Different Stitches Are Used?
Strength: Lock and chain stitches provide durable seams.
Stretchability: Chain and cover stitches allow flexibility.
Edge Protection: Overlock and flatlock prevent fabric fray.
Aesthetic: Decorative stitches enhance appearance.
Efficiency: Specific stitches reduce time and cost in production.
How Stitches Are Made?
Created by interlocking threads using needles, loopers, or hooks.
Movement of needle(s), feed dogs, and presser foot work together.
Threads pass through fabric, loop, and form the stitch structure.
Sewing Machines Used (Based on Stitch Type);
Single Needle Lockstitch Machine: For straight seams, basic apparel sewing.
Overlock (Serger) Machine: For edge finishing and seaming stretch fabric.
Coverstitch Machine: For hemming and attaching elastic or knit fabrics.
Chain Stitch Machine: For decorative stitching and stretch seams.
Blind Stitch Machine: For invisible hems.
Flatlock Machine: For seam flattening and decorative joining.
Buttonhole/Bar Tack Machine: For buttons and reinforcement.
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Writer:Jahid Hasan sagar
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